Linux系统内存错误产生的原因及调试方法
更新时间: 2007-10-9 9:30:00 来源: 赛迪网 作者: kid
- Linux系统内存错误产生的原因及调试方法......
1.利用gdb逐步查找段错误:
这种方法也是被大众所熟知并广泛采用的方法,首先我们需要一个带有调试信息的可执行程序,所以我们加上“-g -rdynamic"的参数进行编译,然后用gdb调试运行这个新编译的程序,具体步骤如下:
xiaosuo@gentux test $ gcc -g -rdynamic d.c
xiaosuo@gentux test $ gdb ./a.out
GNU gdb 6.5
Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-linux-gnu"...Using host libthread_db library "/lib/libthread_db.so.1".
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/xiaosuo/test/a.out
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x08048524 in dummy_function () at d.c:4
4 *ptr = 0x00;
(gdb)
好像不用一步步调试我们就找到了出错位置d.c文件的第4行,其实就是如此的简单。
从这里我们还发现进程是由于收到了SIGSEGV信号而结束的。通过进一步的查阅文档(man 7 signal),我们知道SIGSEGV默认handler的动作是打印”段错误"的出错信息,并产生Core文件,由此我们又产生了方法二。
2.分析Core文件:
Core文件是什么呢?
The default action of certain signals is to cause a process to terminate and produce a core dump file, a disk file containing an image of the process's memory at the time of termination. A list of the signals which cause a process to dump core can be found in signal(7).
以上资料摘自man page(man 5 core)。不过奇怪了,我的系统上并没有找到core文件。后来,忆起为了渐少系统上的拉圾文件的数量(本人有些洁癖,这也是我喜欢Gentoo的原因 之一),禁止了core文件的生成,查看了以下果真如此,将系统的core文件的大小限制在512K大小,再试:
xiaosuo@gentux test $ ulimit -c
0
xiaosuo@gentux test $ ulimit -c 1000
xiaosuo@gentux test $ ulimit -c
1000
xiaosuo@gentux test $ ./a.out
段错误 (core dumped)
xiaosuo@gentux test $ ls
a.out core d.c f.c g.c pango.c test_iconv.c test_regex.c
core文件终于产生了,用gdb调试一下看看吧:
xiaosuo@gentux test $ gdb ./a.out core
GNU gdb 6.5
Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-linux-gnu"...Using host libthread_db library "/lib/libthread_db.so.1".
warning: Can't read pathname for load map: 输入/输出错误.
Reading symbols from /lib/libc.so.6...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/libc.so.6
Reading symbols from /lib/ld-linux.so.2...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/ld-linux.so.2
Core was generated by `./a.out'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
#0 0x08048524 in dummy_function () at d.c:4
4 *ptr = 0x00;
还是一步就定位到了错误所在地,佩服一下Linux/Unix系统的此类设计。
接着考虑下去,以前用windows系统下的ie的时侯,有时打开某些网页,会出现“运行时错误”,这个时侯如果恰好你的机器上又装有windows的编译器的话,他会弹出来一个对话框,问你是否进行调试,如果你选择是,编译器将被打开,并进入调试状态,开始调试。
Linux下如何做到这些呢?我的大脑飞速地旋转着,有了,让它在SIGSEGV的handler中调用gdb,于是第三个方法又诞生了: